Perpendicular Formation is described as:

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In a perpendicular formation, lifeguards are arranged so that their lines of sight form right angles with each other or with the pool’s length, giving cross-coverage from multiple directions rather than a single straight row. The name itself signals this right-angle arrangement, which is different from a line (a straight, parallel row), a semicircle (an arc around a point), or a wave (staggered, flowing shape). This setup is useful when you need intersecting coverage to reduce blind spots and improve response from different directions.